差(cha)示掃(sao)描量熱儀是(shi)壹(yi)種測量參(can)比端與(yu)樣品(pin)端的(de)熱(re)流(liu)差(cha)與(yu)溫(wen)度參(can)數關(guan)系的(de)熱(re)分析儀器(qi)，主要應用(yong)於測量物(wu)質(zhi)加熱或冷(leng)卻過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)的(de)各種特(te)征參(can)數：玻璃(li)化(hua)轉(zhuan)變(bian)溫(wen)度Tg、氧(yang)化(hua)誘導期(qi)OIT、熔融(rong)溫(wen)度、結晶(jing)溫(wen)度、比(bi)熱(re)容(rong)及熱焓等。

主要特(te)點(dian):

1.全新的(de)爐(lu)體(ti)結構，確(que)保(bao)解析度和(he)分辨(bian)率(lv)的(de)基線(xian)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)

2.數(shu)字(zi)式(shi)氣體質(zhi)量流量計，控(kong)制(zhi)吹(chui)掃(sao)氣體流(liu)量，數據直(zhi)接記(ji)錄(lu)在(zai)數(shu)據(ju)庫(ku)中(zhong)

3.儀(yi)器可采用(yong)雙向(xiang)控(kong)制(zhi)（主機控(kong)制(zhi)、軟(ruan)件控(kong)制(zhi)），界(jie)面(mian)友(you)好(hao)，操(cao)作(zuo)簡(jian)便

技(ji)術參(can)數:

什(shen)麽是(shi)玻璃(li)化(hua)轉(zhuan)變(bian)溫(wen)度？

玻璃(li)化(hua)轉(zhuan)變(bian)是(shi)非(fei)晶(jing)態(tai)高分子(zi)材料（即非(fei)晶(jing)型(xing)聚合(he)物(wu)）固(gu)有(you)的(de)性(xing)質(zhi)，是(shi)高分子(zi)運(yun)動形(xing)式(shi)轉(zhuan)變(bian)的(de)宏(hong)觀(guan)體(ti)現(xian)，它(ta)直(zhi)接影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)材料的(de)使(shi)用(yong)性能和工藝性能，因(yin)此長期(qi)以來它(ta)都是(shi)高分子(zi)物(wu)理(li)研究(jiu)的(de)主要內(nei)容(rong)。

絕(jue)大多數(shu)聚(ju)合物(wu)材料通(tong)常(chang)可處於(yu)以下(xia)三(san)種(zhong)物(wu)理(li)狀(zhuang)態(tai)(或(huo)稱力(li)學(xue)狀(zhuang)態(tai)):玻璃(li)態(tai)、高彈(dan)態(tai)（橡膠態）和(he)粘流(liu)態(tai)。而玻璃(li)化(hua)轉(zhuan)變(bian)則(ze)是(shi)高彈(dan)態(tai)和玻璃(li)態(tai)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)轉(zhuan)變(bian)，從分子(zi)結構上講(jiang)，玻璃(li)化(hua)轉(zhuan)變(bian)溫(wen)度是(shi)高聚物(wu)無(wu)定形(xing)部分從凍(dong)結狀(zhuang)態(tai)到(dao)解凍(dong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)壹(yi)種松弛現(xian)象(xiang)。

以(yi)DSC為例，當(dang)溫(wen)度逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高，通(tong)過(guo)高分子(zi)聚(ju)合物(wu)的(de)玻璃(li)化(hua)轉(zhuan)變(bian)溫(wen)度時(shi)，DSC曲線(xian)上的(de)基線(xian)向(xiang)吸熱方向(xiang)移動（見圖(tu)）。圖(tu)中A點是(shi)開(kai)始(shi)偏(pian)離基線(xian)的(de)點(dian)。將(jiang)轉(zhuan)變(bian)前後(hou)的(de)基線(xian)延長(chang)，兩(liang)線(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)垂(chui)直(zhi)距離為階差ΔJ，在(zai)ΔJ/2 處可以(yi)找到(dao)C點(dian)，從C點(dian)作(zuo)切(qie)線(xian)與(yu)前基線(xian)相交(jiao)於(yu)B點，B點(dian)所(suo)對應的(de)溫(wen)度值(zhi)即為玻璃(li)化(hua)轉(zhuan)變(bian)溫(wen)度Tg。

常(chang)見(jian)的(de)結晶(jing)性(xing)塑料有(you)：聚(ju)乙烯(xi)PE、聚丙(bing)烯PP、聚(ju)甲醛POM、聚(ju)酰(xian)胺PA6、聚(ju)酰(xian)胺PA66、PET、PBT等(deng)

非(fei)結晶(jing)塑料有(you)：聚(ju)碳、ABS、透(tou)苯(ben)、氯(lv)乙烯(xi)等(deng)（如(ru)塑料表(biao)殼、電視(shi)外殼(ke)等(deng)）

什(shen)麽是(shi)氧(yang)化(hua)誘導期(qi)？

氧(yang)化誘導期(qi)（OIT）是(shi)測定(ding)試(shi)樣在(zai)高溫(wen)（200攝(she)氏(shi)度）氧(yang)氣條件下(xia)開(kai)始(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)自(zi)動催化(hua)氧(yang)化反應的(de)時(shi)間(jian)，是(shi)評(ping)價材料在(zai)成(cheng)型(xing)加工、儲存、焊接和(he)使(shi)用(yong)中耐熱降(jiang)解能力(li)的(de)指(zhi)標(biao)。氧(yang)化(hua)誘導期(qi)（簡(jian)稱OIT）方法(fa)是(shi)壹(yi)種采用(yong)差熱分析法(fa)（DTA）以塑料分子(zi)鏈(lian)斷裂(lie)時(shi)的(de)放(fang)熱(re)反(fan)應為依(yi)據，測試(shi)塑料在(zai)高溫(wen)氧(yang)氣中加速老(lao)化程(cheng)度的(de)方法(fa)。其(qi)原(yuan)理是(shi)：將(jiang)塑料試(shi)樣(yang)與(yu)惰性(xing)參(can)比物(wu)（如(ru)氧化(hua)鋁(lv)）置(zhi)於差熱(re)分析儀中(zhong)，使(shi)其(qi)在(zai)壹(yi)定溫(wen)度下(xia)用(yong)氧氣迅速(su)置換(huan)試(shi)樣(yang)室(shi)內(nei)的(de)惰性(xing)氣體（如(ru)氮氣）。測試(shi)由(you)於試(shi)樣氧化而引(yin)起的(de)DTA曲線(xian)（差熱(re)譜(pu)）的(de)變(bian)化(hua)，並(bing)獲得氧(yang)化(hua)誘導期(qi)（時(shi)間(jian)）OIT（min)，以(yi)評(ping)定(ding)塑料的(de)防(fang)熱(re)老(lao)化性(xing)能。

和晟差示掃(sao)描量熱儀在(zai)部(bu)分高校研究(jiu)所(suo)應用(yong)實例

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